Analysis: Which club has the highest turnover when player sales are included?

These days, most clubs are just as reliant on player trading as they are on commercial income or matchday revenue.
Off The Pitch has ranked European clubs according to their total operating income – matchday, commercial, broadcasting and transfer income - in 2021.
Why it matters: Most clubs, including some of the biggest, are highly dependent on selling players in order to be profitable.
The perspective: The transfer market opens next week and is expected to heat back up as the knock-on effects of Covid-19 wear off.

In a perfect world, football clubs would be profitable as a result of selling tickets, onboarding sponsors, and receiving broadcast money. However, spiralling player expenses over the last decade have left most European clubs highly dependent on success in the transfer market.

In other words, making a profit on player sales is an integral part of most clubs’ operations to offset operating deficits.

Deloitte’s Money League has been the industry benchmark when me

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